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Home
Learn NetLogo
What is NetLogo? Tutorial #0 Sample Model Tutorial #1 Models Tutorial #2 Commands Tutorial #3 Procedures
Documentation
NetLogo Dictionary Interface Guide Interface Tab Guide Info Tab Guide Code Tab Guide Programming Guide Transition Guide Preferences Guide Version History
Advanced Tools
Extension Manager Shapes Editor BehaviorSpace System Dynamics HubNet HubNet Authoring Logging Controlling Mathematica Link NetLogo 3D NetLogoLab Cluster Computing (HPC)
Extensions
Extensions Guide Arduino Array Bitmap CSV GIS GoGo LevelSpace Matrix Networks Palette Profiler Python Resource Rnd Sound Simple R Table Time Vid View2.5D
FAQ
primitive: subtract-headings
NetLogo Dictionary
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subtract-headings 2.1

subtract-headings heading1 heading2

Computes the difference between the given headings, that is, the number of degrees in the smallest angle by which heading2 could be rotated to produce heading1. A positive answer means a clockwise rotation, a negative answer counterclockwise. The result is always in the range -180 to 180, but is never exactly -180.

Note that simply subtracting the two headings using the - (minus) operator wouldn’t work. Just subtracting corresponds to always rotating clockwise from heading2 to heading1; but sometimes the counterclockwise rotation is shorter. For example, the difference between 5 degrees and 355 degrees is 10 degrees, not -350 degrees.

show subtract-headings 80 60
=> 20
show subtract-headings 60 80
=> -20
show subtract-headings 5 355
=> 10
show subtract-headings 355 5
=> -10
show subtract-headings 180 0
=> 180
show subtract-headings 0 180
=> 180

Take me to the full NetLogo Dictionary.

NetLogo Dictionary: subliststring

Documentation for the subliststring primitive.

NetLogo Dictionary: sum

Documentation for the sum primitive.


NetLogo is a programmable modeling environment for simulating natural and social phenomena. It was authored by Uri Wilensky in 1999 and has been in continuous development ever since at the Center for Connected Learning and Computer-Based Modeling.

Related Links
  • NetLogo Home
  • CCL Home
  • NetLogo Web
  • NetTango Web
  • NetLogo 3D
  • BehaviorSearch
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Copyright © 1999-2026 Uri Wilensky and the Center for Connected Learning and Computer-Based Modeling at Northwestern University . All rights reserved.

This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License , or (at your option) any later version.

Commercial licenses are also available. To inquire about commercial licenses, please contact Uri Wilensky at [email protected] .

For more information, visit the NetLogo website .